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Molecular and pro-inflammatory aspects of COVID-19: The impact on cardiometabolic health.

Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: elena.lopresti@cnr.it. Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy. Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Medical Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman. Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland. Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy. Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Sweden. Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Italy. Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Italy. Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia. Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital & BRIDE, Karnal, India. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Heart Institute (InCor) University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University, Bucharest, Romania. Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, India. Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: manfredi.rizzo@unipa.it.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease. 2022;(12):166559
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Abstract

Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) often cluster together as "Cardiometabolic Disease" (CMD). Just under 50% of patients with CMD increased the risk of morbidity and mortality right from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as it has been reported in most countries affected by the SARS-CoV2 virus. One of the pathophysiological hallmarks of COVID-19 is the overactivation of the immune system with a prominent IL-6 response, resulting in severe and systemic damage involving also cytokines such as IL2, IL4, IL8, IL10, and interferon-gamma were considered strong predictors of COVID-19 severity. Thus, in this mini-review, we try to describe the inflammatory state, the alteration of the adipokine profile, and cytokine production in the obese state of infected and not infected patients by SARS-CoV2 with the final aim to find possible influences of COVID-19 on CMD and CVD. The immunological-based discussion of the molecular processes could inspire the study of promising targets for managing CMD patients and its complications during COVID-19.

Methodological quality

Publication Type : Review

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